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James Mason Hutchings (February 10, 1820 – October 31, 1902) was an American businessman and one of the principal promoters of what is now Yosemite National Park. Born in England, Hutchings immigrated to the U.S. in 1848, then went to California in 1849 during the Gold Rush. He became wealthy as a miner, lost it all in a bank failure, then became wealthy again from publishing. On July 5, 1855 James Hutchings set out on what would be one of the most historic trips to the region, leading the second tourist party into Yosemite.〔Kruska, David (2012). ''Touring Yosemite'' exhibit Catalog. Hannold/Mudd Library of the Claremont Colleges. pg. 1〕 (The first tourist party, in 1854, was led by Robert C. Lamon, but no account of the trip is known to be written.) He then became one of the first settlers in Yosemite Valley. Hutchings published an illustrated magazine, ''Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine'' that told the world about Yosemite and the Sierra. It was said "...upon the return of Hutchings' party, the descriptions staggered the skeptics and silenced the croakers. From this time forward can be considered the commencement of the visits of tourists." He was a tireless promoter, of himself and Yosemite. After Yosemite Valley was dedicated as State Park in 1864, Hutchings, through his interpretation of existing preemption laws, believed he was entitled to 160 acres (647,000 m²) of land in the Valley. He sued, unsuccessfully, to have those acres deeded to himself. He did, however, get a generous payment from the state to help compensate for loss of land use. In 1875, he was banished from Yosemite Valley because of his constant challenging of the law prohibiting the construction of buildings on public lands. Hutchings remarried twice and was an innkeeper for the Calaveras Big Tree Grove Hotel, north of Yosemite. Hutchings' prominence in Yosemite Valley allowed him to connect with figures of great importance to the history of Yosemite, including John Muir, Galen Clark and James McCauley. While visiting Yosemite, Hutchings was killed on October 31, 1902 when his horse reared and threw him from his buggy. ==Further reading== * * Mrs. H. J. Taylor ("James Mason Hutchings" in ''Yosemite Indians and Other Sketches'' ) (1936) * James M. Hutchings ("California for Waterfalls!," ) San Francisco ''Daily California Chronicle'' (August 18, 1855) Contains an account of the first or second tourist party to Yosemite Valley * James M. Hutchings, editor, (''Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine'' ) (1856–1861) * James M. Hutchings ("The Great Yo-Semite Valley," ) ''Hutchings' California Magazine,'' (October 1859). First account of Yosemite Valley with illustrations * James M. Hutchings ( ''Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California'' ) (1862). First travel guide for Yosemite Valley. * James M. Hutchings (''In the Heart of the Sierras'' ) (1888) * Hank Johnston ''Yosemite's Yesterdays,'' v. 2, chapter 2 (1991) has a biography of James Hutchings * Another detailed biography of Hutchings can be found in Peter E. Palmquist and Thomas R. Kailbourn, Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000), pp. 312–316. * Hutchings' 1855 travel journal (along with his 1848-49 emigration journal) is available at the Library of Congress, catalog number MMC-1892 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Mason Hutchings」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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